Sound Pressure Level (L p or SPL) is the change in pressure of a medium when a sound wave passes through it. W 0 = The standard reference sound power, being the threshold of hearing = 10 (-12).Sound Power Level can be calculated as follows: Sound intensity is the total energy generated through a unit area over a specified time perpendicular to the direction of the sound waves. Sound power cannot be measured directly but is derived from multiple sound intensity measurements taken around the source. Sound Power Level (L w or SWL) is the total energy generated by a source over a given amount of time and is independent of the acoustic environment where it is located. These impulses are sent to the brain where they are converted to what we perceive as sound. Nerve impulses are activated by the stereocilia by the waves in the tympanic fluid. The basilar membrane holds millions of tiny hair cells known as stereocilia. The cochlea contains the basilar membrane which is a stiff structural element which runs its full length. The stapes presses the oval window which causes waves of the tympanic fluid within the cochlea. The cochlea is a hollow shell-like structure which is responsible for hearing. The vestibular system is responsible for balance. The inner ear contains the vestibular system and cochlea. The eardrum activates the malleus which articulates the incus which then connects to the stapes. The purpose of the ossicles is to convert sound waves, which hit the eardrum, into vibrations and deliver them to the inner ear. Collectively they are known as the ossicles. This space, which is known as the tympanic cavity, contains three tiny bones, the malleus, incus and stapes. ![]() The middle ear is the portion of ear internal to the eardrum (tympanic membrane), and external to the oval window. The anatomy of the ear also allows spectral filtering and modulation, which provides localisation information for incoming sounds. ![]() The main job of the pinna is to ‘collect’ and amplify sound and direct it to the ear canal. The outer ear comprises the pinna and the ear canal.
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